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Analysis of Waste Management
Alternatives, for the U.S. Department of Defense
(DOD)
ICF International analyzed alternative hazardous
waste management practices that would reduce the
environmental risks and costs of managing DOD
wastes. The analysis involved developing a computer
model that incorporated the risks and costs, including
potential long-term cleanup costs and third-party
liability claims, associated with over 100 alternative
management practices for DOD's 15 major waste
streams. Pollution prevention and recycling options
were included among the alternatives analyzed.
The costs of alternatives were ranked to devise
a least-cost waste management strategy.
Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Management Assessment, for the Washington Department
of Ecology
ICF International developed a model to assess the
potential liability costs associated with the
packaging and transportation of low-level radioactive
waste to Hanford. Using a probabilistic risk assessment
approach, ICF International assessed the potential
for bodily injury, property damage, and environmental
impairment. The analysis derived a probability
distribution of costs for licensees and permittees.
Hazardous Waste Management
Program for King County, Washington
ICF International developed a subsidy program to
encourage small quantity generators to engage
in source reduction and recycling in this county
which encompasses the Seattle area. Qualifying
businesses receive subsidies that cover a fixed
percentage, up to a predetermined ceiling, of
the costs of source reduction and waste management.
We identified the population of potential subsidy
recipients, suggested ways to recruit potential
participants, and made recommendations as to the
most efficient and equitable way to distribute
funds. We then prepared an implementation plan
that included an estimate of administrative costs
and an evaluation of participation rates on total
costs and on waste management capacity.
Municipal Solid Waste Recycling
Study, for the Pennsylvania Bureau of Solid Waste
Management
ICF International performed a recycling market development
study for Pennsylvania after the commonwealth
enacted legislation establishing a materials recovery
rate for domestic solid waste. The study assessed
the regional demand for recovered materials and
discussed the advantages and disadvantages of
programs designed to stimulate markets for such
materials.
RCRA Regulatory Impact Analysis,
for the Institute of Scrap Recycling
ICF International developed a spreadsheet model assessing
the economic impact of potential regulatory changes
affecting the scrap recycling industry. We developed
both static and dynamic modules. Economic impacts
assessed by the dynamic module included quantitative
measures of costs passed through consumers in
the form of higher prices, reduced profits for
the scrap recycling industry, reduced volumes
of scrap recycling activity, and net changes in
hazardous and solid waste management volumes.
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Pharmaceutical Industry Waste
Management Practices, for the California Department
of Health Services
ICF International performed a study regarding waste
minimization in the pharmaceutical industry. Case
studies were performed for three manufacturing
facilities. The study, which presented generic
opportunities, options, and a self-assessment
form, eventually was packaged by U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency as a standard pollution prevention
document for this industry.
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)
Reporting for General Electric
Using several facilities as examples, ICF International
helped this Fortune 100 company develop a TRI
reporting program. ICF International reviewed operations,
examined records, and conducted interviews to
perform threshold calculations and release determinations.
This was documented for the use of other facilities.
We identified essential contacts at one 8,000-person
facility so that the reporting burden could be
reduced and effectively managed in-house.
Waste Oil Management Program
for Mexico, for Asociación Nacional de la Industria
Química (ANIQ)
ICF International developed the technical aspects
of an industry proposal regarding the proper management
of waste oil. The proposed norm was submitted
along with an evaluation of waste oil sources,
regulation of waste oil in other countries, management
options, and a cost-benefit analysis.
Hazardous Waste Action Plan
for Bulgaria, for the U.S. Trade and Development
Agency
ICF International developed a hazardous waste action
plan for Bulgaria. The project involved determining
the overall magnitude of hazardous waste issues
and impacts; developing a risk-based hazardous
waste management system; and developing an investment
and institution-building program. We evaluated
existing industrial capacity for its potential
to recycle, treat, or recover energy from hazardous
waste. The project also included development of
a prioritized list of four investment projects
for World Bank funding and the performance of
an environmental assessment for one chosen project.
Hazardous Waste Management
Study for Slovakia, for the U.S. Trade and Development
Agency
To assist the Ministry of Economy develop an environmental
protection scheme relative to industrial or hazardous
waste, ICF International performed a study of waste
generation and management in Slovakia. In addition
to comparing proposed hazardous waste legislation
and standards with corresponding European Union
standards and U.S. regulations, ICF International
characterized the existing hazardous waste treatment
and disposal framework on a national level. We
evaluated waste volumes, management costs, risks,
and public communication programs as well as potential
approaches to achieving waste minimization.
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