Published in Coal People Magazine, August 2006, by Victoria Thompson of ICF International, and Henry Ferland and John Sager of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This article examines the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction benefits of using fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete production. In particular, it looks at recent innovative U.S. commodity contracts, which discuss the possible future allocation of carbon credits associated with the fly ash being sold. Although no carbon price is currently associated with fly ash use, the contracts recognize that this may become the case in the future and want to settle the issue of ownership of credits.